Defining Prejudice Essay

Prejudice-a preconceived negative judge ment of a stem and its individual members. -prejudice is an status. The negative evaluations that mark prejudice often atomic number 18 supported by negative beliefs called stereotypes.Forms of prejudice assort a belief intimately the personal attributes of a group of large number. Stereotypes ar sometimes overgeneralized, in immaculate, and abideant to new information. variation- unjustified negative behaviour toward a group or its members. Racism- an individuals prejudicial attitudes and racist behaviour toward pack of a given subspecies or institutional practices that subordinate people of a given wake. Sexism- an individuals prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour toward people of a given get off.Racial prejudiceIn the context of the world, Every take to the woods is a minority. Most folks see prejudice in other people. -is racial prejudice vanish?-in 1942 most Ameri great deals agreed that there should be separa te sections for negroes on streetcars and buses.-p atomic number 18nts both(prenominal) black and white suggested that their children should last the history of blacks and whites.-most black and white would likely to vote a black American for president.In the unite States, whites tend to examine the present with the oppressive past and to perceive swift and radical progress. Blacks tend to compare their present with their ideal world, which has not yet been realized, and to perceive somewhat less progress.Gender Prejudice peoples prejudgment on others based on sex. Gender Stereotype are simplistic generalizations about the sexuality attributes, differences, and aims of individuals and/or groups. Stereotypes can be positive or negative, but they rarely communicate accurate information about others. When people automatically apply gender assumptions to others regardless of evidence to the contrary, they are perpetuating gender stereotyping. Many people recognize the dangers o f gender stereotyping, yet continue to make these types of generalizations. the female stereotypicrole is to marry and have children. She is also to put her familys welfare before her own be loving, compassionate, caring, nurturing, and merciful and find time to be sexy and feel beautiful.The male stereotypic role is to be the monetary provider. He is also to be assertive, competitive, independent, courageous, and careerfocused hold his emotions in check and always learned person sex. These sorts of stereotypes can prove harmful they can stifle individual expression and creativity, as well as hinder personal and professional growth. Ambivalent Sexism Ambivalent sexism is an ideology composed of both a foreign and benevolent prejudice toward women. Hostile sexism is an antagonistic attitude toward women, who are often viewed as trying to tick off men through feminist ideology or sexual seduction. Benevolent sexism is a chivalrous attitude toward women that feels favorable but i s actually sexist because it casts women as weak creatures in need of mens protection.What causes ambivalent sexism?According to Professors Glick and Fiske, sexist ambivalence is the result of two basic facts about relations betwixt women and men male dominance (patriarchy) and interdependence mingled with the sexes. Male dominance is prevalent across cultures, with men dominating high status roles in business, government, religious institutions, and so forth. Hostile sexism arises in large collapse because dominant groups tend to create hostile ideologies concerning the inferiority of other groups. Despite male dominance, however, men are often highly dependent upon women as wives, mothers, and romantic partners. This dependence fosters benevolent sexism, which recognizes women as valuable and lovely (an attitude not generally present in prejudices much(prenominal) as racism, anti-Semitism, and homophobia, in which the targets of prejudice are typically shunned or loathed).Gen der Discrimination Discrimination based on gender or sexWhere and When Can Gender Discrimination Occur?Employment Including claims that a potential employer asked discriminatory questions based on gender during the interview process claims that an employer failed to hire, failed to promote, or wrongfully terminated anemployee based on his or her gender unequal pay claims and claims for sexual harassment of employees. Education Including claims for exclusion from educational programs or opportunities based on gender and claims for sexual harassment of students.Housing Including claims for refusal to negotiate with a person adjudicateing housing, claims for imposition of polar lease/contract terms, and claims for refusal to extend a loan based on the gender of the applicant/renter/buyer. Borrowing / Credit Including claims for refusal to extend credit, claims for imposition of unequal loan terms, and claims arising from improper inquiries during the credit/loan applause proces s, based on the gender of the applicant.3 SOURCES OF PREJUDICESocial SourceEmotional Sourcecognitive SourceSocial Sources of PrejudiceThe self-fulfilling prophecy where a belief is accepted as truth, & in stating it, becomes true.Stereotype ThreatStereotype threat is the threat of being viewed through the lens of a negative stereotype, or the fear of doing something that would inadvertently confirm that stereotype, such as the stereotype that women perform poorly in math. almost students try to escape stereotype threat by misidentifying with the part of life in which the stereotype originates, such as race or ethnic identities.Emotional Sources of PrejudiceFrustration & aggressionThe Scapegoat scheme When problems occur, people do not like to blame themselves. They will thus actively seek scapegoats onto whom they can displace their aggression. Scapegoats may be out-group individuals or even entire groups. Powerless people who cannot easily resist will often become victims of scap egoating. Scapegoating increases when people are frustrated &seeking an outlet for their anger.The Realistic convocation Conflict TheoryWhen there are limited resources, then this leads to conflict, prejudice & discrimination between groups who seek that common resource.Cross-race/ Other-race EffectRefers to the tendency to more easily recognize members of ones own race. A study was made which examined 271 real court cases. The results from this study showed that witnesses correctly identified 65 % of the defendants which were of the same race as them. On the other hand, 45% of the defendants were identified which belonged to a different race than the witnesses.Just-world PhenomenonThe just-world phenomenon, refers to the tendency for people to believe that the world is just & so therefore people get what they deserve. It wrongly colors our impression of victims of any sort.Controversies and Prominent TopicsSexismNationalismClassismSexual DiscriminationRacismReligious Discriminati onLinguistic DiscriminationReducing PrejudiceThe contact hypothesisThe contact hypothesis predicts that prejudice can only be reduced when in-group and out-group members are brought together. In particular, there are six conditions that mustiness be met to reduce prejudice, as were cultivated in Elliot Aronsons Jigsaw Classroom. First, the in- and out- groups must have a degree of mutual interdependence. Second, both groups need to share a common goal. Third, the two groups must have equal status. Fourth, theremust be frequent opportunities for informal and interpersonal contact between groups. Fifth, there should be multiple contacts between the in- and the out- groups. Finally, social norms of equality must exist and be present to foster prejudice reduction.