Rates of Reaction :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

How does temperature run into the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid?Temperature and Rate of Reaction school principalHow does temperature affect the rate of reaction between sodiumthiosulphate and hydrochloric acid?sodium thiosulphate + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride +water +sulphur dioxide + sulphurNa2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(aq) + S(s)PredictionI phone that the higher the temperature, the more quickly reaction bequeath occur. This is because with heat, the particles of sodiumthiosulphate and hydrochloric acid have more energy. This causes themto move around more. It works like this for all substances, non justthose two. Chemical reactions require collisions, and if particles are locomote around more quickly they are obviously more likely to collide.It is just like in a crowded street. If the people are moving quicklyit is more likely that they will bump into each other then if they aremoving slowly. It is in this way that particles of solutions react.I found out from preliminary research that the particle theoryexplains that chemical reactions require a collision between theparticles of the reactants, at a certain velocity and angle. If thisangle or velocity is not achieved, the substances will not reacttogether. I also found out that the factors that affect the rate of areaction are the surface area of the solid reactant (if there is asolid reactant), the concentration of the aqueous reactant(s), thepresence of catalysts and temperature. In this essay we are onlyinterested in temperature. Where temperature is not high enough toprovide energy for the particles to move at a high enough speed, theparticles will just not react, or rather, not as many particles willbe able to react together in a certain sum of time.At 0-10C, I predict that the reaction will take a very long time toreact. The reason I say this is because although the particles will bemoving around, they will not be moving at a high eno ugh velocity. Forchemical reactions to occur, the particles must be travelling at aparticular speed, and this requires energy. At this temperature I donot think that it will give the particles enough energy to convertinto movement.Between 11-40C (this includes 3 temperature intervals - 11-20C,21-30C and 31-40C), I predict that the reaction will occur morequickly than that of 0-10C. I think the reaction rate will decreasedramatically at this temperature. I predict this because there is moreheat to provide energy to the particles of the reactants. This energycauses the particles (of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid) to

On the Quantum Mechanics of the Human Intellect and the Stories It Crea

On the Quantum Mechanics of the Human Intellect and the Stories It CreatesIf human beings are to explore those distant and wished for lands, we must first come to grips with some of the perplexing conceptual issues that have dogged quantum physics since its inception. These riddles dance around the enigma of quantum observership. Its contemplation brings us back from the earth of the multiverse to the intimate confines of our own skin, where we ask what it means to say that we observe nature.- Timothy Ferris, The Whole Shebang A State-of-the-Universe(s) ReportDuring the crisis of modern science in the belatedly nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the postulates of early scientific discoveries had been refuted. In one of sciences most defining moments, an undisturbed photon of light was found to award both wave-like and particulate qualities. The relationship between these two qualities would later be termed complementarity by Niels Bohr, one of the scientists at the forefro nt of this discovery. As doubting Thomas S. Kuhn notes in The building of Scientific Revolutions, Before the theory of quantum mechanics was developed by Plank, Einstein, and others early in the twentieth century, physics texts taught that light was transverse wave motion (12). So staggering was this discovery that in his autobiography, Albert Einstein recounts, All my attempts to adapt the theoretical foundations of physics to the new quantum knowns failed completely. It was as if the ground had been pulled out from under one, with no firm foundation to be seen anywhere upon which one could have been built. Not surprisingly, this arrest of the fundamental postulates of classical physics sparked a reevaluation of the world view by the ... ...e and the nature of things to help us to connect ourselves to stories of the past and present while trying to do exactly what Petrus Camper and the scholars of the eighteenth-century were so capable ofthe same privilege the wave-particle theor y gave to the pioneers of quantum mechanics to extrapolate the multiverse of intellectual disciplines together.Works CitedEhrlich, Gretel. Islands, the Universe, Home.New York Penguin, 1991. Ferris, Timothy. The Whole Shebang A State-of-the-Universe(s) Report. New York Simon & Schuster, 1997.Gould, Stephen Jay. Bully for Brontosaurus.New York W.W. Norton, 1991.I Have Landed The End of a Beginning in Natural History.New York Harmony, 2002. Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.ChicagoChicago U, 1996. Tarnas, Richard. The Passion of the Western Mind.New York Ballantine, 1991.

A Personal Experience in the United States Socializing Function :: Free Essays Online

A Personal Experience in the United States Socializing FunctionMy subaltern/senior high school was public. It served the surrounding four towns with a total student population of about seven hundred. In rural Vermont we were set deviation and sheltered from the pain and suffering of the citys ghetto, as well as trained to ignore the poverty right before our eyes next door. Classes started at eight, and terminate at two fifteen. Our windows were tinted black so we would be sure not to ever have a glimpse of the outside world. Here our attention mustiness be focused on the school work learning what the institution deemed important. My U.S. write up class is a perfect example of this we learned what the teacher taught, and what the textbook covered, but what of all the information not included? It would be impossible for us to learn all the history of the United States, but who gets to decide what history we need to know? We learned about the evil Nazis concentration camps extensi vely, but only touched upon our own equivalent imprisonment of the Japanese-Americans briefly. We learned of the fight against communism in Vietnam and Korea, but nothing of the mass slaughter of the common people in those countries that our country took part in. What is even more discouraging than this distortion of history, is that no one cared. Jonathan Kozol writes on page 37 of The Night Is Dark and I Am Far from Home Nationalistic education is a special brand name of such bamboozlement patriotic mindlessness is the product being sold. Most children buy it, unresistingly. The teacher did not want to teach anything that was not required, because if it was not required by the government then it must not be important enough information. The government would not dream of having such evil things in our history be required to be taught because it shows the student a weakness of the all powerful ruling class. And the students did not, and certainly were not encouraged to, want more than what our school was openhanded them already. But who has the right to pick and choose what information shall be given out , and what information shall remain obscure? In looking back on my six long years committed to this high school I can recall numerous instances in which I found myself confronting the institution, yet never pushing enough.

Society in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and Thomas Mores Utopia :: comparison compare contrast essays

Society in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and Thomas Mores Utopia   A primary problem with the society we live in today, is the need to be better. The desire to have more, to be worth more, and through these inanimate objects to be happy is what drive us all. As children we struggled to fit in by having nicer clothes and more expensive shoes than the next kid. Although, in a different from this is a sentiment echoed in Sir Thomas Mores Utopia. By analyzing his work, I will spew some light on how this is very similar to a theme proposed in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein.   In Utopian society, we are shown that the way to fit in, to be cool is to be exactly the same as those around you. Those citizens who had aspirations of wealth and a better life, were treated the same as those who simply can non afford to fit in in our society. They were the shunned, the public outcasts. These people had necessarily done anything wrong, they just were unhappy with their way of life and had glimpsed something better. This mirrors the daemon in Shelleys Frankenstein. Although he was an extremely come up educated person, who aspired for nothing more than love and happiness, they would never be his to have. The sole reason the monster was abhorred by all that knew of him was his appearance. This singular feature was the reason he was beaten by Felix, and nearly killed by the man whose daughter he had saved from river. His only bedevilment was ugliness, but was this his fault?   It was easy for the daemon to curse his creator, the man who had formed him the way he was in many ways I feel sympathy towards him. The sentences for being different in Utopia might not be considered by some to be as severe, but in many ways they were. For many crimes in their society you could be punished to a life of slavery, but this is not unlike Shelley. The daemon, while not punished by a court system, was punished by something much worse himself .

Captain Morgan Original Spiced Rum :: essays papers

Captain Morgan Original Spiced RumThis AD is about an alcoholic beverage call(a)ed Captain Morgan Original Spiced Rum. When you first see this AD you can clearly see that the focus of this ad is to convey you pauperization to drink. It jumps out and says drinking is cool. Its saying not directly only indirectly. The focus of it is to make you want to buy this beer because those people are drinking it. Theyre having a fun and great time, so the ad can get those people that want to have a fun and great time. The tone of this ad is pretty funny. As you can see the headline of this ad says, take off your heave and stay a while. You can make different interpretations of this ad which makes it even funnier. The voice is also very funny, because of that line. The language is quite funny to me, simply some people that do not understand it probably would not enjoy this ad. Some people might think the language is ridiculous and inappropriate. or so young people would find this ad very n atural to them. I am not saying that old people wouldnt like this ad, but some of them might not get it or understand the humor of the ad. It all depends what your definition of humor is. The audience is mainly designed for younger people. I can conclude this by seeing that all the people in cabin are young, maybe in there 20s. Also they could be snowboarding and not a lot of old people snowboard. So this ad is mainly to attract the younger folks. The design of this is pretty thought out. The whole logo is in red, and the ad is in black and white so they try to catch your attention by doing that. You turn the page in the magazine and all of sudden you see take off your pants and stay a while you probably are going to see what the ad is all about. I think its smart advertising that they have the main logo in red and the alcohol colored but the background in black and white.

Captain Morgan Original Spiced Rum :: essays papers

police captain Morgan Original Spiced RumThis AD is about an alcoholic beverageic beverage called Captain Morgan Original Spiced Rum. When you first see this AD you digest clearly see that the focus of this ad is to make you want to drink. It jumps out and says drinking is cool. Its saying not directly but indirectly. The focus of it is to make you want to buy this beer because those people argon drinking it. Theyre having a fun and huge time, so the ad can get those people that want to have a fun and great time. The tone of this ad is pretty funny. As you can see the headline of this ad says, take off your pants and stay a while. You can make different interpretations of this ad which makes it even funnier. The region is also very funny, because of that line. The language is quite funny to me, but some people that do not understand it likely would not enjoy this ad. several(prenominal) people might think the language is ridiculous and inappropriate. Most young people would fin d this ad very natural to them. I am not saying that old people wouldnt like this ad, but some of them might not get it or understand the humor of the ad. It all depends what your comment of humor is. The audience is mainly designed for younger people. I can conclude this by seeing that all the people in cabin are young, maybe in there 20s. Also they could be snowboarding and not a lot of old people snowboard. So this ad is mainly to draw the younger folks. The design of this is pretty thought out. The whole logo is in red, and the ad is in black and white so they try to catch your fear by doing that. You turn the page in the magazine and all of sudden you see take off your pants and stay a while you probably are going to see what the ad is all about. I think its smart advertising that they have the main logo in red and the alcohol colored but the background in black and white.

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 14

Elena woke up the next morning in Stefans narrow love. She recognized this onward she was fully awake and hoped to heaven that she had given Aunt Judith some well-founded excuse last night. Last night the very concept was extremely fuzzy. What had she been dreaming to fuck off this wakening seem so extraordinary? She couldnt esteem jeez, she couldnt remember anythingAnd therefore she remembered everything.Sitting up with a jolt that would make sent her flying off the bed had she attempted it yester mean solar day, she searched her recollections.Daylight. She remembered daylight, full light on her and she didnt declare her ring. She took a frantic look at both hands. nonering. And she was sitting up in a shaft of sunlight and it wasnt hurting her. It wasnt possible. She knew, she remembered with a primitive memory that pervaded every cell of her body, that daylight wouldkill her. She had learned that less(prenominal)on with a single touch of a sunbeam to her hand. She wo uld neer forget the searing, scalding pain the touch had imprinted a behavior on her forever. Go nowhere with bulge out the lapis lazuli ring that was beautiful in itself, but more beautiful in the knowledge that it was her savior. Without it, she might, shewouldOh.Oh.But she alreadyhad , hadnt she?Shed died.not simply Changed as she had when shed become a vampire, but died the true death that no one came back from. In her own personal philosophy, she ought to obtain disintegrated into anonymous atoms, or gone straight to hell.Instead she hadnt reallygone anywhere. Shed had some dreams most fatherly or motherly people giving her advice and of wishinging very often to foster people, who were suddenly much easier to understand. School bully? She had watched sadly as his drunken father took his own outrages out on him night after night. That girl who never got her homework done? She was expected to raise three young sisters and brothers while her mother lay in bed all day. Jus t getting the corrupt fed and cleaned took all the time she had. There was unendingly a reason behind any behavior, and now she could see it.She had even communicated with people through their dreams. And then one of the Old Ones had arrived in Fells Church, and it was all she could do to stand his interference in the dreams and not run away. He caused the humans to call for Stefans help and Damon had by the way been summoned, too. And Elena had helped them all she could even when it had been almost unbearable, because Old Ones knew about love and which buttons to push and how to make your enemies run in all the right directions. But they had fought him and they had won. And Elena, in difficult to heal Stefans mortal wounds, had somehow ended up mortal again herself naked, lying on the ground of the Old Wood, with Damons jacket all over her, while Damon himself had disappeared without time lag for thanks.And that awakening had been of basic things things of the senses touch, taste, hearing, sight and of the heart, but not of the head. Stefan had been so good to her.And now, what am I? Elena said aloud, staring as she turned her hands over and over, marveling at the solid, mortal flesh that obeyed the laws of gravity. Shehad said that shed give up flying for him. Someone had taken her at her word.Youre beautiful, Stefan answered absently, not moving. Then suddenly he rocketed up.Youre talk of the townI know I am.And making senseThank you kindly.And in sentencesIve noticed.Go on, then, and say something long please, Stefan said as if he didnt believe it.Youve been break out too much with my friends, Elena said. That sentence has bonnys impudence, lustrelessnesss courtesy, and Merediths affirmence on the facts.Elena, its youInstead of keeping up the silly dialogue with Stefan, itis me Elena stopped to think. Then, carefully she got out of bed and took a step. Stefan hastily looked away, handing her a robe.Stefan? Stefan?Silence.When Stefan turned more or less after a decent interval, he saw Elena kneeling in the sunlight holding the robe.Elena? She knew that to him, she looked homogeneous a very young angel in meditation.Stefan.But youre crying.Im human again, Stefan. She lifted a hand, let it fall into the clutches of gravity. Im human again. No more, no less. I guess it just took me a few days to get fully back on track.She looked into his eyes. They were always suchgreen green eyes. Like green crystal with some offside light behind them. Like a summer leaf held up before the sun.I derriere read your mind.But I gitt read yours, Stefan. I can only get a general sense, and even that may be goingwe cant count on anything.Elena, I have all I want in this room.He patted the bed.Sit by me and I can say all I want is on this bed.Instead she got up and threw herself at him, arms around his neck, legs tangled with his. Im still very young, she whispered, holding him tightly. And if you count it in days, we havent had many days together care this, but Im still furthermost too old for you. But to be able to look at you and seeyou looking back at me Tell me youll love me forever.Ill love you forever.No occasion what happens.Elena, Elena Ive loved you as mortal, as vampire, as pure spirit, as spiritual child and now as human again.Promise well be together.Well be together.No. Stefan, this isme . She pointed to her head as if to emphasize that behind her gold-flecked blue eyes there was a bright active mind spinning in overdrive. Iknow you. Even if I cant read your mind I can read your face. All the old fears theyre back, arent they?He looked away. I will never leave you.Not for a day? Not for an hour?He hesitated and then looked up at her.If thats what you really want. I wont leave you, even for an hour. Now he was projecting, she knew, for she could hear him.I ignition you from all your promises.But, Elena, I mean them.I know. But when you do go, I dont want you to have the guilt of breaking them lo oming over you as well.Even without telepathy, she could place what he was thinking to the tiniest shade of a nuanceHumor her. After all, shed just woken up. She was probably a little confused. And she wasnt interested in becoming less confused, or in making him less confused. That must be why she was nipping his chin gently. And kissing him. Certainly, Elena thought, one of the two of them was confused.Time seemed to expand and then stop around them. And then nothing was confusing at all. Elena knew that Stefan knew what she wanted, and he wanted whatever she wanted him to do. bonny stared at the numbers on her phone, concerned. Stefan was calling. Then she ran a hasty hand through her hair, fluffing the curls out, and took the video call.But instead of Stefan it was Elena. comely started to giggle, started to tell her not to play with Stefans grown-up toys and then she stared.Elena?Am I going to get this every time? Or only from my sister-witch?Elena?Awake and good as new, Ste fan said, getting in the picture. We called as soon as we woke up Ele but its noon Bonnie blurted out.Weve been occupied with this and that, Elena cut in smoothly, and oh, wasnt it good to hear Elena talk that way Half innocent and wholly smug about it, making you want to shake her and beg her for every wicked detail.Elena,Bonnie gasped, using the nearest wall for support, and then sliding down it, and allowing an armload of socks, shirts, pajamas, and underwear to consume down onto the carpet, while tears began to leak out of her eyes. Elena, they said youd have to leave Fells Church will you?Elena bridled. They saidwhat ?That you and Stefan would have to leave for your own good.Never in this worldLittle lovely lo began Stefan, and then abruptly he stopped, opening and shutting his mouth.Bonnie stared. It had happened at the bottom of the screen, out of sight, but she could almost protest that Stefans little lovely love had just elbowed him in the stomach. Ground zero, two o clock? Elena was asking.Bonnie snapped back to reality. Elena never gave you time for reflection. Illbe there she cried.Elena, Meredith breathed. And then Elena like a half-chocked sob. ElenaMeredith. Oh, dont make me cry, this blouse is pure silkIts pure silk because its my pure silk sari blouse, thats whyElena suddenly looked as innocent as an angel. You know, Meredith, I seem to have grown much taller lately If the end of that sentence is so it really fitsme better Merediths voice was threatening then Im warning you, Elena Gilbert She broke off, and both girls began to laugh and then to cry. You can have it Oh, you can have itStefan? Matt waved his phone first cautiously, then banging it into the wall of the garage. I cant see He stopped, swallowed. E-le-na? The word came out slowly, with a pause between each syllable.Yes, Matt. Im back. Even up here. She pointed to her forehead. Will you meet with us?Matt, leaning on his newly purchased, almost-running car, was muttering, Thank God, thank God, over and over.Matt? I cant see you. Are you okay? Shuffling sounds. I think he fainted.Stefans voice Matt? Shereally wants to see you.Yeah, yeah. Matt lifted his head up, blinking at the phone. Elena, ElenaIm so sorry, Matt. You dont have to come Matt laughed shortly. Are yousure youre Elena?Elena smiled the smile that had broken a thousand hearts. In that case Matt Honeycutt, I insist that you come and meet with us at Ground Zero at two oclock. Is that more like it?I think youve almost got it down. The old Elena empurpled Manner. He coughed theatrically, sniffed, and said, Sorry Ive got a little cold or allergies, maybe.Dont be silly, Matt. Youre bawling like a bollix up and so am I, Elena said. And so were Bonnie and Meredith, when I called them. SoIve been crying n early on all day and at this rate Ill have to scramble to get a picnic ready and be on time. Merediths planning to pick you up. Bring something to drink or eat. Love yaElena put down the ph one, breathing hard.Nowthat was tough.He still loves you.Hed rather that I stayed a baby all my life?Maybe he liked the way you used to say hello and good-bye.Now youre teasing me. Elena quivered her chin.Never in this world, Stefan said softly. Then, suddenly, he grabbed her hand. coiffe on were going shopping for a picnic and a car, too, he said, pulling her up.Elena startled both of them by flying up so rapidly that Stefan had to grab her by the waist to keep her from shooting toward the ceiling.I thought you had gravitySo did I What do I do?Think sinister thoughtsWhat if it doesnt work?Well buy you an anchorAt two oclock Stefan and Elena arrived at the Fells Church graveyard in a brand-new red Jaguar Elena was wearing tenebrous glazees under a scarf with all her hair pinned up under it, a muffler around her lower face, and black lace mitts borrowed from Mrs. Flowers younger days, which she admitted she didnt know why she was wearing. She made quite a picture, Meredith said , with the violet sari top and jeans. Bonnie and Meredith had already spread a cloth for a picnic, and the ants were sampling sandwiches and grapes and low-fat pasta salad.Elena told the story of how she had woken up this morning, and then there was more hugging and kissing and crying than the males could stand.You want to see the woods around here? oppose if those malach things are around? Matt said to Stefan.Theyd better not be, Stefan said. If the trees this far from where you had your accident are infested Not good?Serious trouble.They were about to go when Elena called them back.You can stop looking all male and superior, she added. Suppressing your emotions isbad for you. Expressing them keeps you well balanced.Listen, youre tougher than I thought, Stefan said. Having picnics at a cemetery?We used to find Elena here all the time, Bonnie said, pointing to a nearby headstone with a celery stick.Its my parents gravesite, Elena explained simply. After the accident I always fel t closer to them here than anywhere. I would come here when things got bad, or when I needed to have a question answered.Did you ever get any answers? Matt asked, taking a home-preserved cucumber pickle from a glass jar and passing the jar on.Im not sure, even now, Elena said. She had taken off the dark glasses, muffler, headscarf, and mitts. But it always made me feel better. Why? Do you have a question?Well yeah, Matt said unexpectedly. Then he flushed as he suddenly found himself the center of attention. Bonnie trilled over to stare at him, the stalk of celery at her lips, Meredith scooted in, Elena sat up. Stefan, who had been leaning against an elaborate headstone with unconscious vampire grace, sat down.What is it, Matt?I was going to say, you dont look right today, Bonnie said anxiously.Thankyou , Matt snapped.Tears pooled in Bonnies brown eyes. I didnt mean But she didnt get to finish. Meredith and Elena drew in protectively around her in the solid phalanx of what they ca lled velociraptor sisterhood. It meant that anybody messing with one of them was messing with them all.Sarcasm instead of chivalry? Thats hardly the Matt I know. Meredith spoke with one brow raised.She was only trying to be sympathetic, Elena pointed out quietly. And that was a cheap comeback.Okay, okay Im sorry reallysorry, Bonnie he turned toward her, looking ashamed It was a close thing to say and I know you were only trying to be nice. I just I dont really know what Im doing or saying. Anyway, do you want to hear the thing, he finished, looking defensive, or not?Everyone did.Okay, here it is. I went to visit Jim Bryce this morning you remember him?Sure. I went out with him. Captain of the basketball team. sensitive guy. A little bit young, but Meredith shrugged.Jims okay. Matt swallowed. Well, its just I dont want to gossip or anything, but Gossip the three girls commanded him in unison, like a Greek chorus.Matt quailed. Okay, okay Well I was supposed to be over there at ten oclock, but I got there a little early, and well, Caroline was there. She was leaving.There were three little shocked gasps and a sharp look from Stefan.You mean you think she spent the night with him?Stefan Bonnie began. This isnt how proper gossip goes. You never just outright say what you think No, Elena said evenly. Let Matt answer. I can remember enough from before I could talk to be worried about Caroline.More than worried, Stefan said.Meredith nodded. Its not gossip its necessary information, she said.Okay, then. Matt gulped. Well, yeah, that was what I thought. He said shed come early to see his little sister, but Tamra is only about fifteen. And he turned bright red when he said it.There were sober glances between the others.Carolines always beenwell, sleazy began Bonnie.But Ive never heard that she even gave Jim a second glance, finished Meredith.They looked to Elena for an answer. Elena slowly shook her head. I certainly cant see any terrene reason for her visi ting Tamra. And besides she looked up quickly at Matt youre holding out on us somehow. What else happened?Somethingmore happened? Did Caroline flash her lingerie? Bonnie was laughing until she saw Matts red face. Hey cmon, Matt. This isus . You can tell us anything.Matt drew in a deep breath and shut his eyes.Okay, well as she was going out, I think I think Carolinepropositioned me.She didwhat ?She wouldnever How, Matt? Elena asked.Well Jim thought shed left, and he went to the garage to get his basketball, and I turned around and suddenly Caroline was back again, and she said well, it doesnt matter what she said. But it was about her liking football better than basketball and did I want to be a sport.And what did you say? Bonnie breathed, fascinated.I didnt say anything. I just stared at her.And then Jim came back? Meredith suggested.No And then Caroline left she gave me this look, you know, that made things bewitching clear as to what she meant and thenTami came in. Mat ts honest face was flaming by now. And then I dont know how to say it. Maybe Caroline said something about me to make her do it to me, because she sheMatt. Stefan had scarcely spoken until this point now he leaned forward and spoke quietly. Were not asking just because we want to gossip. Were trying to find out if theres something seriously wrong happening in Fells Church. So please just tell us what happened.

Environmental Pollution by Cars Essay

Environmental issues take a shit become a major concern in recent years. With globular warming and modality change topping the agenda of many surroundal groups and NGOs, it is hard for government as well as the general public to ignore the fact that our major planet is changing rapidly. As a result of mass-scale industrialization and a rapid shift in lifestyles over the past century, the resources of our planet have been stretched to the limit. This situation allow not only black market to a shortage of trustworthy precious resources, including fresh water and food, in the years to come but will lead to a considerable rise in pollution.Carbon emissions produced by automobiles, airplanes and industrial equipment argon the primary source of pollution world over. However, it is the consumption of sinew by households and automobiles that deposit the major contribution towards the worlds carbon footprint (Cast 24). With United States being the largest economy and the most develop ed nation, it is no surprise that we are the largest polluters on earth. It is therefore imperative for us to lead by example and take virtually action in order to reduce our contribution towards global pollution.This essay will discuss whether it is possible to reduce fuel consumption by cars and if there are any alternative sources of energy for cars. (Cast 35) Fuel uptake by Cars As mentioned earlier, automobiles are one of the largest fuel consumers and therefore are a major contributor towards pollution. For this particular reason, environmental groups and even governments in some countries have been encouraging people to minimize the use of snobbish transport and use other alternatives such as public transport, cycling, telecommuting etc (Cast 39).It should withal be noted that not all alternatives to private transportation suit the needs of individuals and therefore it is very likely people will continue to use private transportation. A more practical approach towards the reduction of fuel consumption therefore will be to switch to relatively environmentally friendly sources of energy (Cast 39). The electric car has long been presented as a true alternative to the vehicles that use an internal combustion engine.It utilizes chemical energy stored in batteries and emits little or zero carbon. Not only are these vehicles environmentally friendly but is also fuel efficient. Proponents of electric vehicles also argue that the cost of producing electric vehicles is more lower than standard vehicles (Boschert 90). The only pitfall with electric cars is that currently there are only limited cars available in the market that can be considered purely electrical. Major automobile manufacturers have been accused of trying to block the progress on this front.It is also important to note that whatever progress has been do for the development of electric cars, there are not sophisticated enough models available in the market to meet the demands of the customers or to compete with the standard products. Until that take aim of sophistication is achieved, it will not be possible for the electrical car models to replace their standard counterparts. It should also be noted that to make a convert from an ICE vehicle dominated market to a zero-emission vehicle market, proper infrastructure for the supply of electrical batteries will have to be developed.(Boschert 97-102) The new cut across of hybrid vehicles, introduced by some leading automobile manufacturers such as Toyota and Ford, is a rather practical solution to the problem. Not only they allow consumers to make a rather smooth transition from carbon fuel consumption to electric fuel but also offer the features and benefits offered by the standard models (Boschert 140). crossing electric vehicles are also more durable as compared to ICEs and are more energy efficient. Market statistics indicate that HEVs are a more friendly option as compared to pure electric vehicles.With Toyota and Ho nda leading the market in the HEV sector other major players are also entering this arena including Audi, Nissan, Lexus and Ford. It should however be noted that production of Hybrid vehicles is more costly and therefore they are more expensive. However, with countries introducing legislations concerning the environment and introducing subsidies for environmentally friendly vehicles, this is likely to change in the years to come. (Boschert 151) Criticism of Green CarsAlthough, going green sounds to be the next big thing not only for car makers but also a number of other manufacturing organizations, there has been some level of opposition to this new wave of environmental obsession. Organizations tied to major oil revenues are one of the major opponent who argue that a radical shift to greener cars will damage the economy and will lead to a considerable loss of jobs in certain sectors. It is also argued that electric vehicles or HEVs still have some environmental impact and are not c ompletely emission-free as is usually argued.In admission to this, electric or hybrid cars are also more costly, hence making them an unfavourable choice for the consumer. (Boschert 211) Conclusion The rapid change in our environment demands that we take immediate action. One of the areas that we need to address in this respect is to reduce the consumption of planets resources and to minimize the carbon footprint produced by us. As automobiles are one of the major producers of carbon emission, automobile manufacturers are investing considerable resources in development of environmentally friendly products.However, they still have a long way to go and a considerable level of development has to be made.Work CitedCast, C. Vance. Where Does Pollution Come From? Barrons Educational series April, 1994. http//www. amazon. com/Where-Does-Pollution-Clever-Calvin/dp/0812015711/ref=sr_1_13? ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207538767&sr=8-13 Boschert, Sherry. Plug-in Hybrids The Cars that will Recharge America, New Society Publishers December, 2006 http//www. amazon. com/Plug-Hybrids-CarsRechargeAmerica/dp/0865715718/ref=sr_1_8_s9_rk? ie=UTF8&s=books&s9r=8a585b4317a113eb0117a8105c020138&itemPosition=8&qid=1207538919&sr=1-8

A History of the Globe Theatre

The world Theatre, also well-known as Shakespeares theater and Elizabeths theater, is one of the oldest theaters in Europe. Researchers divide its history in two periods the old humanity and the modern Globe.The old Globe was built in 1599. From 1599 to 1608 or 1609 the Globe playhouse was the home of the Chamberlain-Kings company and the only theater where it publicly presented its plays in. London.The Globe was imitated by Henslowe, the Globe magnate, and lauded by Dekker, the playwright. Upon its stage Shakespeares major tragedies enjoyed their first performances. Located among the stews and marshes of the Bankside, it displace across the Thames its audience, men and women, gentlemen and journeymen, sightseeing foreigners and native playgoers (Adams 2).Shortly after the 26th of February, 1599, construction of the Globe commenced under the supervision of Peter Streete, the man with whom Philip Henslowe and Edward Alleyn contracted a category later to erect the Fortune theater a long the same lines. From Streetes building schedule for the Fortune, we can estimate that the Globe took twenty-eight to thirty weeks to complete, and thus the earlier opening date would have been in late August or early September, 1599 (Adams 2-3).Yet the playhouse signifies more than a physical structure for the presentation of plays. It has conk the symbol of an entire art. Its construction initiated a glorious decade during which the company achieved a level of stability and a quality of productivity rarely matched in the history of the theater.So rich was the achievement that virtually all interest in the Elizabethan drama radiates from the work of these years. Circumstances attendant on the building of the Globe playhouse were instrumental in developing the distinctiveness of this endeavor.The new playhouse itself was regarded as the last word in theaters. Alleyn and Henslowe modeled the Fortune upon it. In the determination of the theater there were significant changes fro m former playhouses (Adams 20, 22). It was a theater built by actors for actors.To subsidize it a new financial system was instituted which more to the full than heretofore interrelated theater and actors. Furthermore, young men had recently taken over the entire enterprise, playhouse and company. Until 1597 James Burbage had maintained some connection with the victor Chamberlains men (Adams 84). Builder and owner of theTheatre, lessor of Blackfriars, he had exercised a strong influence on the course the company took. One more significant change occurred at this time. Either a dispute with his fellows or an irrepressible wanderlust led the leading clown, Will Kempe, to break with the company (Binelli 56).Apparently before the stage of the Globe was piebald and the spectators admitted, he severed his connection with the Lord Chamberlains men, though he had been among the original five who had taken a moiety of the lease on the projected playhouse. aft(prenominal) his departure, t here followed a period of great stability in the acting company. In the entire decade there were only two replacements, owing to the deaths of actors, and tierce additions with an expansion from nine to twelve members in 1603 (Adams 83, 96).I suppose that until now the discussion of the Globe playhouse has proceeded from dramatic function to theatrical realization. No one unfeignedly can reconstruct the design of the Globe playhouse.All hypotheses, some reasonable, some farfetched, lack supportive materials and proofs about construction and design of the theater. Each scholar, selecting for his research certain throw out of evidence, has painted a hypothetical image of the Elizabethan playhouse.Following John Adams, it was

Clinical Experience Reflective

Due Date Week 13 Final censure Final Reflection As another semester comes to an end, it is a good time to reflect on your experiences and your go outing. To summarize your experiences in this hightail it, we would like you to write up a 5-10 page paper active your experiences in this class. It should address three main areas 1. Your newly acquired knowledge of practical nursing. Think back to when you started this course think most what you knew about practical nursing. Describe what you learned and what you would still like to learn.This section should describe how your ideas about 1 or 2 topics changed as a direct of taking this course. Were they topics you misunderstood previously that you feel you understand better now? Were they topics that you felt were not relevant to your life that you are glad you learned much about? How has learning about these topics affected your thinking about practical nursing or interprofessional practice in general? 2. Newly acquired knowledge about you as a learner. This section should describe your experiences as a student in this course. What did you do well as a student in this course and what did not go quite as well as you expected?What advice will you give yourself as you take on other courses? 136 George Brown College interoperable Nursing COURSE NAME Practical Nursing Clinical Applications I COURSE CODE NURS 1029 3. Personal reflection. This section should address your personal experiences in the course. What did you learn about yourself as a person? If you could look at yourself through the eyes of your professor, what would you want your professor to know about your growth as a person, a student and a student practical nurse over the course of the semester? Describe one challenge you faced in this course and how you handled it (did you reduce it?How? If not, why not? ) Process 1. Using 3 resources/ professional journals linked to practical nursing or interprofessional practice, you are to write a reflective prove on your role as a member of the interprofessional team, practical nursing, turning theory into practice. 2. The essays length is not to exceed a stripped-down five pages and maximum ten pages, presented professionally in 12 font Times New Roman, double spacing using correct spelling and syntax. 3. A Reference Page must be included in your essay, using the APA referencing method. Grade 20% *based on grading rubric

Cloud Computing: Two Articles

sully Computing Articles One of the recent trends in the fast paced field of Information Technology is the culture of haze over calculation. Simply put, cloud cipher is the outsourcing of business processing and storage to practical(prenominal) servers over a network, most commonly the internet. The advance of network engineering science has allowed companies to agitate large amounts of their business intelligence systems to outside servers, without compromising information-transfer speed. Two recent denominations from different globeations covered the subject of cloud computing. The first, found online from InfoWorld. om, describes the different levels of cloud computing and what each entails. The second article, found in a monthly publication of Computer World, details the pros and cons of clouds in IT. According to the InfoWorld. com article, cloud computing is a expressive style to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructur e, training new personnel, or licensing new softw be. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends ITs existing capabilities. (InfoWorld. om) Clouds are a modern answer to ITs forever increasing needs for storage space and computing power. There are several types of services that these virtual servers offer, ranging from utility coats to email spam filtering. Currently, most of the servers mustiness be accessed individually, but they are becoming more integrated as the field progresses. One type of cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), is the hosting of one software application through the internet. An example this type of application is Salesforce. com, a sales representative heed system.By providing the software online, Salesforce. com provides an easy way for managers to monitor and diagnose sales data, without the need for their own costly IT system in-house. SaaS likewise gives an advanta ge to the host lodge, because updates and bug fixes are limited to one weapons platform which they control. There are several variations to the Saas system that are offered in cloud computing. Utility computing involves a companys memory, input / output Storage, and computational capacity being accessed through the network to a virtual server.Currently, most cloud utility computing is for non vital intelligence, due to newness of the system. According to the article, these online servers could one twenty-four hour period replace most of the current physical datacenter. Another variation to Saas within cloud computing is web based application programming interfaces. APIs are interfaces implemented by an online source that enable interaction with other software (Wikepedia. org). There is a wide range of APIs used with business intelligence. whatever examples would be Google Maps used by delivery services, shipping tracking for UPS, or online tax processing programs such as TurboTa x. One of the original forms of cloud computing are managed service providers (MSPs), which are applications that are exposed to the host company, rather than the end user. Examples of MSPs are e-mail virus scanning and anti-spam services, or desktop management offered by companies such as CenterBeam. Managed certification services, such as firewalls, are too found within cloud computing.The Computer World article goes boost to describe an aspect of cloud computing called infrastructure as a service (Iaas). With public cloud IaaS, organizations pay per use or per cluster of resources for an away cloud service provider to host their virtual servers IT maintains control over the applications without worrying about configuring, upgrading or patching servers and other infrastructure. If a new application is needed, IT simply loads that application onto the service providers virtual server and the software is available to users (Computer World).By migrating the physical datacenters t o virtual servers, companies are relieve maintenance, power and labor costs from the upkeep of those resources. Most established companies are making the transition to clouds slowly, a couple of datacenters at a time, as they get under ones skin outdated. Startup businesses, however, can use virtual servers as a great advantage to avoid costly equipment purchases. Bernard Golden, CEO of consultancy HyperStatus, agrees that Iaas offers a lifeline when it comes to rising data center costs and real estate constraints.It offers IT the opportunity to reduce the data center management burden, yet improve customer service (Computer World). For a company who is contemplating the switch to virtual servers, there is also security and legality issues to consider. Migrating large amounts of data, without disrupting critical files, can be risky. One company, Amylin Pharmaceuticals, started slowly with self contained, non mission critical applications such as assaying and development so they c ould learn the ins and outs of moving into the cloud (Computer World).The company should inquire as to the host servers security and firewall systems, and should always keep hard copies of important data and applications. Business documents that are highly valuable to a company, such as patent documents, customer databases, and practiced drawings are not usually stored in the cloud network. The international field of computer hacking is expanding, especially in developing countries, making industrial espionage a grave subject for businesses to consider. A company migrating to cloud computing must also consider the legal aspects of moving their IT systems.Software licenses may not apply to a public network, where the applications can be shared by several end user computers. The company should also know the terms of iron outing with the cloud servers, should they limit to break or end the agreement. All data that could be detrimental to the firm should be destroyed by the host ser ver once the contract is void. Some businesses are closely regulated by government agencies such as the FDA or ANSA, and should keep relative files readily accessible. There are also government regulations to consider concerning customer information.The article describes how IT manager Charles Swartz, of Preferred Hotel Group, adheres to regulations. Because the company deals with credit card transactions, it must follow the Payment Card Data pledge Standard, which requires physical control over servers handling that data. To avoid any complications, Swartz makes sure all credit card transactions go directly to a ordinal party and he avoids keeping any of that data on his outsourced infrastructure (Computer World). Another issue to consider when switching to a cloud network is computing speed.Where IT systems may have been fast to load or run on a local area network, a wide area network could transfer at a higher or lower speed. With modern business transactions becoming faster th an ever, customers expect quick response. Delays of just a a few(prenominal) milliseconds can cause them end users to be frustrated (Computer World). Switching to cloud networks can be an advantage to speed, if the cloud provides a larger bandwidth than the in-house servers. A higher bandwidth also allows more end users to access the system at once without slowing download speeds significantly. Jason Harper, vice president of technology at Morgans Hotel Group in crude York, say customer satisfaction has increased at his shop because end users are accessing their files faster via the cloud (Computer World). One recommended use of the cloud system is test run or seasonal IT systems. Rather than expanding physical datacenter space for temporary projects, the public servers can be advantageously setup to run and store data. The public cloud is great for short term usage, since very few enterprises have spare servers lying around anymore.Instead, it enables IT to have quick response t o new projects without having to preplan (Computer World). The article does warn, however, that low barrier to entry can be over-sourced. Often-times end users might jump into applications on cloud networks without consulting their IT professionals. This could lead to costly changes down the line, which could have been easily fixed at the setup of the systems. Despite being in an early stage of development, cloud computing already has a definite niche in the business and IT world.One of the main drawbacks at this point is the lack of integration between systems. Previous attempts to create cloud integration technology, such as CapeClears enterprise service bus, and a universal bus system by Grand Central, have failed to stay in business. The overall trend of using virtual servers, however, does seem appear to be here to stay. Sources What Cloud Computing Really Means Infoworld. com Knorr, 4-27-2008 http//www. infoworld. com/d/cloud-computing/what-cloud-computing-really-means-031 Mov ing to the cloud Big savings, but plan forwards Computer World Gittlen, March 2010

Who Should Have Been King in 1066?

Who Should Have Been King in 1066? Introduction This essay is about who should have been queer in 1066. Edward the Confessor died on 5th January 1066. The King of England was usually the male child or another close relation of the previous king. Edward had no children or any surviving brother or sister. There were four people waiting to be the next king. They were Edgar Etheling, Harold Godwinson, William Duke of Normandy and Harald Hadrada. Only one of the four people could be the King of England at any one time. This essay will give you an brain wave into each of the characters.It will explain who they are, why they should have been king, and what I thought about them. Finally, I will conclude who I thought should have been king in 1066. The Four Possible Kings Edgar Etheling Edgar was Edwards great nephew, the closest relation of Edward. He was born in Hungary in 1052, and was the last prince of the old West Saxons purple line when Edward the Confessor died on January 5th 1066 . At the time, it was decided Edgar was in like manner young to inherit the fecal matter, so it went to Harold Godwinson instead. Harold Godwinson became King Harold II, but was killed in the Battle of Hastings later that same year.The Witan Council chose Edgar as the next king of England. Edgar became king, but resigned only a few months later after he was forced to surrender by William the Conqueror. later abdicating, he went on to live a long life. Edgar should have been king because he was of royal blood and was the closest relation to Edward. He had a fill to the throne because he was a blood relative. Edgar was a direct descendant of Alfred the Great the most respected of all Anglo Saxon kings. I thought Edgar was too young to be king, and in addition too young to lead England.He did not have the wealth, power or strength to be king. He was not considered hygienic enough to defend the realm from the Normans and the Vikings. Harold Godwinson Otherwise known as Harold of Wessex, he was one of the most powerful men in England, as Wessex was a real rich and important area. He was the son of Earl Godwin of Wessex. He had been an advisor to Edward the Confessor, and had proved himself to be a good leader. Harold and his family had established alliances with all the major nobles of England. On his deathbed, Edward is say to have promised Harold the crown.Harold Godwinson should have been king because Edward had promised the crown to him on his deathbed. He was the favourite of many English thanes who would choose the next king. In 1066, you didnt have to be the closest relation to be king. Harold was the Earl of Wessex, one of the most powerful leaders in England. He was also the richest man in England. Harold claimed the throne of England was not establish on being a blood relative, but he was Edwards brother-in-law. I thought Harold was brave and courageous fighting for his country, and subsequently dying in the Battle of Hastings.Sadly, he didnt al ways keep his promises though. He swore an oath to William Duke of Normandy in 1064, to support him to the claim of the English throne. He then went back on his word, saying he that had been tricked into taking the oath. William, Duke of Normandy William was Edwards second cousin. He became Duke of Normandy when he was only seven years old. He ruled as the King of England from 10661087. In 1085, he commissioned the collection of the Domesday Book. When Harold broke the oath, William received religious and political backing from Rome, to start a Holy Crusade against Harold, who the Pope had excommunicated.On twenty-fifth phratry 1066, William of Normandys 7,000 soldiers landed in the South of England. They defeated King Harolds army at the Battle of Hastings, and William became King of England. He rewarded his vassals from Normandy with the lands of many English nobles. Williams claim to the throne was based on the fact he believed Harold Godwinson had sworn a sacred oath of allegia nce to him and his right to be king. He also justified his claim through his blood relationship with Edward the Confessor, as they were distant cousins. He claimed Edward the Confessor had designated him as his successor.I thought William had a compassionate side when he relieve Harold from a shipwreck. He also helped Edward to protect his throne, by sending Norman soldiers to live in England and protect Edward. Sadly, he also had a ruthless side, ruin great sections of England, after the English struggled to accept him as his king. Harald Hadrada Harald Hadrada was a very powerful man as he was already the King of Norway. When Edward the Confessor died in 1066, Harald claimed his gravel and his descendents had been promised the English throne by King Hardicanute, who ruled England from 1040-1042.In 1066 Tostig, the brother of Harold of Wessex went to Norway to meet King Hadrada. The two men agreed to invade England and in early September, nigh 300 ships sailed around the coast of England and did some plundering. When King Harold was told by a messenger that Hadrada had invaded with the intention of conquering all of England, he gathered his army. On 25th September, Harolds army arrived in Yorkshire. He took Tostig and Hadrada by surprise at Stamford Bridge, and both Hadrada and Tostig were killed.Harold Hadradas claim to the throne was based on an agreement amid his father and King Hardicanute, the Danish ruler of England. England was ruled by Norwegian kings right up to 1042, when the Saxon King Edward took the throne from them. There were a swarm Viking families living in the north of England, who would have liked Harald being the King of England. I thought Harald was a very powerful man who wanted the throne of England like lots of other people. Harald wasnt very strategic and failed to topple the Danish King Sweign II because of his lack of planning, which would ultimately be his downfall.At Stamford Bridge, he wasnt prepared for Harold and his army and was killed. Conclusion I think Harold Godwinson should have been king after Edward the Confessor died because he was a strong political and military leader in his own right. He was the only Englishman and was promised the throne by Edward, his brother-in-law. Harold was the most powerful man in England. He wanted to unite the various factions in England to develop peace to the land. He thought a strong ruler was needed to bring an end to all the fighting.

The Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War: Neoconservatives vs. Realists – Review

I intend to review The provide philosophical system and the Iraq War Neoconservatives vs. Realists by Brian C. Schmidt and Michael C. Williams. The reason for choosing this clause for review is simply beca commit of its relevance today through divulge the Middle East and how the the Statesn outside(prenominal) policy is drastic on the wholey changing the dynamics of the world. Schmidt and Williams use the elements of the neocon Bush Doctrine to show the direct contrast between realists and neoconservatives. The authors use the Bush Doctrine as an anchor to demonstrate realists anti-war views as the Bush Doctrine provided the key rationale for the Iraq War. This is the main theme of the subject and the authors express this throughout the paper in a fascinating, enthralling fashion. The previously supported neoconservative construe has been fatally wounded through its invasion of Iraq. The Bush Doctrine does in fact represent an plain-spoken and unprecedented shift in American o utside policy. The unify States of America had been the most influential res universea in the entire world (land of opportunity), with its huge military force and dominate stinting position, but with this doctrine came a wave of unexpected anti-Americanism.Schmidt and Williams make honorable mention to Morgenthau and his struggles to to convince American foreign policy officials of the dangers of conceptualizing the national interest in universalistic moral terms. I agree with his mind-set that the Iraki invasion was national-suicide and bruised the image of America worldwide. His vision that spreading democracy would result in disaster whitethorn have been pessimistic but was completely accurate. American realists were right from the offset they believed that it was unnecessary and counterproductive to engross Iraq. And in hindsight they were extremely correct.However they failed to steer America away from the road to war. If all the evidence was weak, vague, and baseless , wherefore did realists fail to persuade the public that the invasion would prove to be disastrous? This is what Schmidt and Williams set out to solve. one and only(a) of the most chilling notwithstanding accurate quotes of the article is their wisdom only taking flight at duskwhen most of the damage has already been done. It was important to publish these ideas to demonstrate how gullible the American public (and even Congress) were in future(a) the Bush administration to war and to ensure that this aggressive strategy is neer repeated.It was also important to publish this article to illustrate the future implications of the Iraqi war on the U. S foreign policy. Schmidt and Williams use different methods throughout the article to seduce their conclusions. They state and evaluate the arguments that realists adopted in order to defer America from invading Iraq. They also demonstrate the tactics used by neoconservatives to disobey and defeat realists in the lead up to the wa r in Iraq. The authors engage in these different methods to reach conclusions as to why realism ultimately failed in the Iraqi debate.The subjects in this article are visibly neoconservatives and realists. It is clear from this article that neoconservatives and realists share a very different outlook. One of the most accurate yet sombre quotes is As Mearsheimer sees it, realism quickly unravels the neoconservatives faulty logic and explains the current reality of the Iraq situation. This mastery oppresses me as it was too late to materialize and fight against the decision to invade Iraq. The authors draw on John Ikenberry and his persuasion that terrorists cannot be deterred because they are either willing to die for their cause or able to escape retaliation. This is a brilliant quote used by Schmidt and Williams in this article as it shows the apparent ruthlessness of these terrorists. They use elements of the Bush Doctrine to demonstrate the tactics used by neoconservatives to persuade the American public towards livelihood the invasion of Iraq. Drawing on these elements is a very intriguing technique and draws the reader in. The authors point out from the offset that the Bush Doctrines goal was for the linked States to preserve its hegemonic position for the indefinite future. This is a brash statement demonstrates neoconservatives belief in a unipolar America.By referring to the Bush Doctrine in this article the authors demonstrate the idealistic notions of neoconservatives and their belief that America leadership as a prerequisite for an orderly and inactive world. The authors use a brilliant quote to depict the neoconservatives ultimately naive and unipolar view that one-size fits all American hegemony is the only reliable defence against a breakdown of peace and international order. The authors cleverly spue a metaphor used by Mearsheimer Wilsonism with teeth which brilliantly depicts neoconservatives absolute belief in unilateralism and Ameri ca being the sole superpower.It captured my attention as a reader drawing me in to the article. Schmidt and Williams make reference to Walts argument how can other states be comfortable and secure when U. S. decisions affect all of their interests, and when the United States is strong enough to act pretty much as it wishes? This is a brilliant rhetoric question which draws the reader in. Through the use of rhetoric question the authors emphasis their point that the United States do in fact pose a huge threat to the rest of the world. The authors use spotless language to express their point that neoconservative and realist views are in direct contrast.Alliteration (p repetition) is used in the following sentence which, in my opinion as a reader, draws the audience in because of its dramatic and memorable effect Rather than a prescription for peace, as most realists maintain, neoconservatives view balance-of power politics as both unnecessary and a hindrance to achieving American n ational interests, while Americas preeminent position in the world obviates the need for traditional balance-of-power diplomacy. Schmidt and Williams state that realism lacks any view beyond narrowly strategicalal material calculation, narrowly pragmatic judgment, or pluralist competition. I agree with this statement, realists to carry a very pessimistic, strategic view. This is not suitable in modern politics due to globalization. In my opinion the major failing of the article is that Schmidt and Williams fail to give a solid resolution to the problem and how to restore Americas image abroad and how to improve the future of the US foreign policy. In the conclusion Schmidt and Williams ask the all-important(prenominal) question can realism make its analytic positions politically powerful? In my opinion the response is yes but only if realists develop their ideas to suit the modern world today.Traditional realism has most definitely surpassed, however, following the full failur e of the Bush administration, realists will be called upon in order to guide the American foreign policy and restore its pride and glory that took centuries to build. In my search I reviewed the article The Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War Neoconservatives vs. Realists by Brian C. Schmidt and Michael C. Williams. I decided to illustrate the main theme at the start of my essay and explained why I thought it was important that these ideas were published.I followed by explaining the authors methodology and described the elemental results from their research. I proceeded by declaring the articles strengths and weaknesses, particularly focusing on the writing skills used by Schmidt and Williams. Finally, I reviewed the conclusion. I found this article particularly interesting and thought provoking. I have always been exposed to the epical attributes of America because of the propaganda media broadcasted however, Brian C. Schmidt and Michael C. Williams illustrate a quite unbiased view o f the nation and the possible future implications of the U. S foreign policy.

Carthaginian Empire

generalisation The cartage Empire was formed in 814 B. C. According to legend, this was when Princess Dido, of divide flight-emitting diode from her home, current day Lebanon. This was to escape from the clasp of her br opposite Pygmalion who had killed her husband, heir to the throne of Tore after her father died. She fled across the Mediterranean with some citizens of Tore and landed at the tip of Northern Africa, carting or current day Tunisia. There, she saw that carting was almost interchangeable an island Jutting out into the Mediterranean, with 2 inlets on either side. It had natural defenses, Just like Tore,Didos homeland. This was the reason why Princess Dido chose this as the place for her new city, carting. Thus, Cartage was founded. By 500 BC, It had become a major Mediterranean power establishing colonies in Corsica, Pizza, North Africa, The B totallyerina Islands and Sardinia. It had a population of over three hundred 000. Its reign started to decline when Hannib al garbled the 2nd Punic War. Therefore, we will be concent regularize on the clock period starting from 500 BC till the end of the 2nd Punic War (202 SC). chthonic Commerce, we are focus on inter demesneal trade (trade between The CartageEmpire, North Africa and other cities of the Iberian Peninsula) and how it became an inter domainal metropolis repayable to its strategical location near the Mediterranean trade routes. Under Conflict, we are focusing on military (advanced navy) and territorial expansion (Punic Wars). We will be focusing on Cartages advanced shipbuilding techniques and how they managed to hold their receive a crystallizest a bigger and stronger enemy (Rome) during the 2nd Punic War. Under Culture, we are focusing on morality and practices. The Carthaginian worshipped most of the immortals that were worshipped y the Phoenicians.Also, they had practices like killing their own children. Under union, we are focusing on organization. The regime of Cartag e was an oligarchic republic, which relied on a arrangement of checks and balances and ensured a form of public accountability. Our hypothesis is that the extent of the Carthaginian Navy and weaponry managed to hold up a superior empire, namely the romans, for such a long time. We intend to prove that our hypothesis is true. Community Introduction In this portion we will be talking about Carthaginian government and governing body styles.Aristotle himself ranks this republic as one of the best and as an example for all to follow. He set ups this due to the event that from Cartages formation to his time, no considerable sedition had disturbed the public security, nor had any big tyrant arisen. Therefore, let us take a walk-to(prenominal) look at Cartages government and governing style. Government The government of Cartage was made of 3 main authorities. They were the 2 supreme magistrates called suffers, 600 plenty in the senate and the common public. The suffers played the p rocedure of king, dictator and consul. They were elected annually from the most wealthinessy and influential families.These suffers were empowered to elect the senate and presided over them. whizz example of a successful this dynasty and brought much success to the Carthaginian through their countless victories against Rome which allowed Cartage to sustain itself as their offensive nature delayed Romeos invasion into Cartage. The senate formed the actually soul of the government and were honored on basis of their age, experience, birth, riches, and most importantly their merit. Public Involvement in Politics When at that place was no clear majority in the add of votes, the matter was brought to the concourse of the public.This terminate be seen as an effective way to crush factions, produce harmony and to enforce and corroborate good counsel. As a result of this, the Carthaginian forces could be funneled into the war efforts instead of busying themselves with major internal c onflicts. Their people had confidence in the government, therefore there were no major rebellions during the Cartage golden era. Disadvantages Although Cartages government had many advantages, no government is perfect. The Cartage government had two big flaws. Firstly, the government invested the same person with different employments.How invariably, this is postgraduately prejudicial to the community. Bestowing too many responsibilities on one person makes him proud and dazzles him, while making other people Jealous. This might have been so in the case of the Ammonias as Hannibal restrainerled the soldiery and his family were part of the suffers and the senate. Secondly, the senate was chosen on base of birth while the suffers were chosen on base of wealth. Therefore, poverty may exclude people with enormous merit. This is considered as a great evil in a government as fair play is wholly disregarded while money is all prevalent. ConclusionThe well- organized oligarch republic of Cartage helped to maintain peace and stability within the empire so that more attention could be given to further ventures to draw out the empire instead of focusing too much on internal problems. Culture The culture of the Carthaginian was very much like their ancestors the Phoenicians. Like every ancient city, Cartage had a abundant number of gods and goddesses. Also, they were notoriously known for child- sacrifice. Gods and Goddesses The chief god of the Carthaginian was Baa al Hammond while their deity of protection was Maltreat. Baa al Hammond and Tania were considered as the supreme divine people.Most gods of Cartage came from their predecessors, the Phoenicians. Therefore, culture was not a defining feature of Cartage, though it helped to unify the people. Surviving Punic texts give a detailed description of the temples present in Cartage. They say that there was a well-organized caste of temple priests and acolytes performing various duties for a variety of prices. Chi ld surrender debate about whether child- sacrifice is mere propaganda or true. Urns taken from these sites have shown to contain ashes of footsies, newborn children and mug up of young sheep and goats.These children were sacrificed to their chief god Baa al Hammond to help them win the various wars that they participated in. Conclusion In conclusion, the religion of Cartage was not an important factor to its success. The gods and goddesses of Cartage brought hope and security to the people. Each god had a specific role to play be it war, agriculture or rain. The people regarded their gods highly and this can be seen in their coins as they depict their most common god, Tania. The gods and goddesses of Cartage brought hope and security to the people. Each god had a specific role to play be it war, agriculture or rain.The people regarded their gods highly and this can be seen in their coins as they depict their most common god, Tania. Commerce Commerce, for Cartage was its occupation and the very reason why its army and Ana were so powerful. It formed Cartages greatest strength and was the chief support of the commonwealth. Cartages mercantilism flourished as it was situated in the optic of the Mediterranean, stretching out panoptic. Cartage trade took place all over the introduction, and they traded in a huge variety of goods. Strategic Location Cartage was located in the centre of the Mediterranean and its colonies spread both east and west.Therefore, it made trade with both Africa and Europe easier. Also, due to Cartages formidable harbor containing more than 70 commercial message ships, it was the best way for Cartage to sail to other parts of the Mediterranean and also Europe to trade. Goods Bought and Sold The Carthaginian sailed to all countries to buy the superfluities of every nation and sold these goods to fulfill the wants of other nation. From Egypt the Carthaginian bought fine flax, paper, corn, sails, and cables for ships. From the coast of t he Red Sea they bought spices, frankincense, perfumes, gold, pearls and other rare stones.From Tore and Phoenicia, they bought purple and scarlet, rich stuffs, tapestry, costly furniture and exquisite works of art. They brought back from the western world in exchange for all these luxurious items, iron, tin lead and copper. In thus doing so, Cartage became the professional of the seas and sort of the agents of all nations and held east, west and south together. Limitations However, there was a problem with this arrangement. Once Cartage lost control of islands such as Sicily and Sardinia to Rome, they were not able to conduct maritime trade, which was their primary source of income.Thus they were not able to support the vast expenses incurred by the Carthaginian army. Conclusion In conclusion, we can see that Cartages commercial activities were their primary source of income and enabled them to wage such prolonged wars against an equally if not stronger opponent, the Romans. Howev er, due to their lack of multifariousness and flexibility and adapting to changing times, they were not able to conduct trade for an extended period of time. This eventually led to their fellfall. The mighty forces of the Carthaginian army were constantly locking horns with other forces in and around the Mediterranean.The lure of the control of trade in the Mediterranean would ultimately lead to Cartages untimely demise at the hands of the Romans in the third and final Punic War. Harbor The most magnificent aspect of Cartage was its harbor named Cotton. It was what Cartage was all about its heart. The harbor had a common entrance from the sea which was 70 Ft wide and could be closed with iron chains. Inside these chains, there were 2 harbors, one commercial and the other military. Firstly, its large harbor was able to store the huge warships whose design the Carthaginian took from Greece during the 1st Punic War.These warships helped the Carthaginian to gain an upper hand over the Romans until the Romans stole the design of these warships and improved them to ultimately defeat the Carthaginian. Secondly, Cotton helped tin warships and could dock a maximum of 220 warships. This ensured that Cartage will be ready for battle and its army was continuously prepared. Having a large naval base would cause other countries to be intimidated and prevent them from assail Cartage. The Battle of Canaan In the spring of BBC, Hannibal moved from his camp at Geranium and occupied the detailed of a town called Canaan.He planned to attack Canaan so as to be one step closer to his dream of crushing the Roman Empire. Hannibal used a superior strategy against the Romans strategy of weakening the centre and in a fast and furious bloodbath, The Carthaginian defeated the Romans in a few hours. He faced off against the Romans with an army of 50000 and he was met by a roman army on the handle of battle numbering roughly 76000. The death toll slowly rose as the day wore on . Thus, Hannibal won the Battle of Canaan. Significance of Canaan Canaan was storehouse for grains such as corn.These grains were then delivered to the frontline of the army as and when needed. Although the town itself had been destroyed in the past few years, its capture caused huge commotion in Rome. This was because they not exactly lost the stores but also the fact that Canaan commanded the surrounding districts. Thus by conquering Canaan, Hannibal disadvantaged Rome in two ways. Firstly, the army that Rome sent to face Hannibal was the biggest they ever did and when they lost 80% of their army, it made a huge dent in their forces. This bought time for Cartage to think their strategy and reorganize their roofs.Secondly, by cutting off food supply to the frontline, the Roman army would be short of food and thus not at full strength. This presented another window of opportunity for Hannibal to strike. some other important factor was that Hannibal was able to capture Roman troops and g et intelligence about the Roman strategy. In conclusion, we feel that conflict was extremely important in sustaining as going offensive on Rome prevented Rome from invading and destroying Cartage much earlier. Conflict was also major as it brought wealth to Cartage and enabled them to strengthen their military even more.Community, culture, commerce and conflict. All four define a nation in one way or another across the continents. Conflict, in this case, has been the defining factor in Cartages history. It changed the way Cartage was looked upon by the world by proving itself to be a force to be reckoned with. similarly a certain amount of aesthetic value for Cartage, conflict also served to extend Cartages reach down in to Africa as well as territories encompassing the Mediterranean Sea. This can be seen by their rate of territorial expansion.In a matter of a few hundred years, they had grown into n empire that could only be outmatched by Rome, and had a military harbor to be like no other. Their generals and weaponry was of high quality, seen by their bronze battering ram- like warship during the 1st Punic War. They also had clever and strategic generals like Hazardous, Whimsical, Hanna and of course Hannibal. Therefore, it can be seen that Cartages reason for success was its military strength and prowess. Although they were extinguished in the end, they will always be remembered as the Lord of the Seas and as the only empire to outmatch Rome.

Fiedler’s Contingency Theory Essay

The contingency Theory shows the relationship between the attractions druthers or style and group performance under differing situational conditions. The practical action is based on determining the orientation of a loss drawing card ( relationship or labour ), the elements of the situation ( leader-member relations, task structure and leader perplex power), and the leader orientation that was found to be most useful as the situation changed from low to centrist to extravagantly reign over. Fred Edward Fiedler in his landmark 1964 article, A contingency of attractership Effectiveness. studied and emphasized the importance of both the leaders personality and the situation in which that leader operates. Fiedler found that task orient leaders were more than than hard-hitting in low and moderate control situations and relationship oriented managers were more effective in moderate control situations. Fiedler and his associates studied leaders in a variety of contexts bu t mostly in phalanx context and their model is based on their research findings. They break throughlined two styles of leadership namely task-motivated and relationship-motivated. childbed refers to task accomplishment, and relationship-motivation refers to interpersonal relationships. He measured leadership style leadership style with the Least prefer Co-Worker plateful (LPC scale ). According to Northouse ( 2007 ), the leaders scoring high on this scale are relationship motivated and those scoring low are task motivated. Northhouse further indicated that, central to contingency theory is the concept of the situation, which is characterized by three factors.One, leader-member relations which deals with the general atmosphere of the group and the feelings such as trust, inscription and confidence that the group has for its leader. Two, task structure, which is related to task clarity and the means to task accomplishment. Three, the position power, which relates to the descend of reward-punishment authority the leader has over members of the group. These three factors determine the favorableness of various situations in the organization. Definitions of factors in disaster Theory Situational elements One, is the leader-member relations.The regard with which the leader and the group members hold one another determines in part, the ability of the leader to influence the group and the conditions under which he or she can do so. It therefore follows that a leader who is accepted by the group members is in a more favorable situation than one who is not. Two, is the task structure which is determined by the following questions in mind can a decision be demonstrated as correct? , are the the requirements of the task of the task understood by everyone? , is there more than one correct solution?.If the groups task is not structured, and if the leader is no more knowledgeable than the group about how to accomplish the task, the situation definitely becomes unfavor able. The third factor is the leader position power. This is determined by the rewards and punishments which the leader officially has at his or her disposal for either rewarding or punishing the group members based on how they perform. The more power the leader has, the more favorable the situation. Leader Orientation Fiedler used the Least Preferred Co-worker scale commonly known as LPC scale to measure leadership style.LPC helps management identify the human relations orientation and task orientation of possible leaders. He analyses leader orientation as follows. One of the factors is relationship orientation in which he give tongue to that high LPC leaders are more concerned with personal relations, more sensitive to the feelings of others, and better of purport off conflict. Such leaders use their good relations with others to get a job done. This withal enables them to deal with complex issues when making decisions. These leaders tend to have an LPC remove of 73 and above. In high control situations, these leaders tend to become bored and are no longer challenged.They tend to stress approval from their superiors ignoring their subordinates or they may decide to re take shape he task. They oft become inconsiderate toward their subordinates as a result, become more punishing and more concerned with performance of the task. In moderate control situations, they focus on group relations. They reduce the anxiety and tension of group members and thus reduce conflict. They grip creative decision making groups head. They see this situation as challenging and interesting and perform it well in it. Lastly, in low control situations, they always try to obtain group support often at the expense of the task.In fact under extremely stressful situations, they may also detach from leadership role, failing to direct the groups work. The second factor is task oriented. According to Fiedler, the LPC score for leaders here is 64 and below. Low LPC leaders are more c oncerned with the task, and less subject on group support. They tend to be eager and impatient to get on with work. They quickly organize the job and have a no-nonsense attitude about getting the work done. In moderate control situations, they are anxious and less effective. They become absorbed in the task and pay elfin attention to personal relations in the group.They tend to be insensitive to the feelings of their group members, and the group resents the want of concern. However, in high control situations, these leaders are relaxed and develop pleasant relations with subordinates and they are lucky to get along with. As work gets done, they do not interfere with the group or require interference from their superiors. And lastly in low control situations, the leaders devote themselves to their challenging task. They organize and need the group to task completion. They also tend to control the group tightly and maintain strict discipline.Fiedler and associates cogitate that if a leaders LPC scores fall between 65 and 72, then the leader must(prenominal) carefully analyze their leadership style as they learn more about the relationship oriented and task oriented styles. However, it is important to note that there is no single leadership style that is effective in all situations. Rather, certain leadership styles are better suited for some situations than for others. Fiedler further pointed out that the effectiveness of the leader is contingent upon the orientation of the leader and the favorableness of the situation.

Defining Prejudice Essay

Prejudice-a preconceived negative judge ment of a stem and its individual members. -prejudice is an status. The negative evaluations that mark prejudice often atomic number 18 supported by negative beliefs called stereotypes.Forms of prejudice assort a belief intimately the personal attributes of a group of large number. Stereotypes ar sometimes overgeneralized, in immaculate, and abideant to new information. variation- unjustified negative behaviour toward a group or its members. Racism- an individuals prejudicial attitudes and racist behaviour toward pack of a given subspecies or institutional practices that subordinate people of a given wake. Sexism- an individuals prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviour toward people of a given get off.Racial prejudiceIn the context of the world, Every take to the woods is a minority. Most folks see prejudice in other people. -is racial prejudice vanish?-in 1942 most Ameri great deals agreed that there should be separa te sections for negroes on streetcars and buses.-p atomic number 18nts both(prenominal) black and white suggested that their children should last the history of blacks and whites.-most black and white would likely to vote a black American for president.In the unite States, whites tend to examine the present with the oppressive past and to perceive swift and radical progress. Blacks tend to compare their present with their ideal world, which has not yet been realized, and to perceive somewhat less progress.Gender Prejudice peoples prejudgment on others based on sex. Gender Stereotype are simplistic generalizations about the sexuality attributes, differences, and aims of individuals and/or groups. Stereotypes can be positive or negative, but they rarely communicate accurate information about others. When people automatically apply gender assumptions to others regardless of evidence to the contrary, they are perpetuating gender stereotyping. Many people recognize the dangers o f gender stereotyping, yet continue to make these types of generalizations. the female stereotypicrole is to marry and have children. She is also to put her familys welfare before her own be loving, compassionate, caring, nurturing, and merciful and find time to be sexy and feel beautiful.The male stereotypic role is to be the monetary provider. He is also to be assertive, competitive, independent, courageous, and careerfocused hold his emotions in check and always learned person sex. These sorts of stereotypes can prove harmful they can stifle individual expression and creativity, as well as hinder personal and professional growth. Ambivalent Sexism Ambivalent sexism is an ideology composed of both a foreign and benevolent prejudice toward women. Hostile sexism is an antagonistic attitude toward women, who are often viewed as trying to tick off men through feminist ideology or sexual seduction. Benevolent sexism is a chivalrous attitude toward women that feels favorable but i s actually sexist because it casts women as weak creatures in need of mens protection.What causes ambivalent sexism?According to Professors Glick and Fiske, sexist ambivalence is the result of two basic facts about relations betwixt women and men male dominance (patriarchy) and interdependence mingled with the sexes. Male dominance is prevalent across cultures, with men dominating high status roles in business, government, religious institutions, and so forth. Hostile sexism arises in large collapse because dominant groups tend to create hostile ideologies concerning the inferiority of other groups. Despite male dominance, however, men are often highly dependent upon women as wives, mothers, and romantic partners. This dependence fosters benevolent sexism, which recognizes women as valuable and lovely (an attitude not generally present in prejudices much(prenominal) as racism, anti-Semitism, and homophobia, in which the targets of prejudice are typically shunned or loathed).Gen der Discrimination Discrimination based on gender or sexWhere and When Can Gender Discrimination Occur?Employment Including claims that a potential employer asked discriminatory questions based on gender during the interview process claims that an employer failed to hire, failed to promote, or wrongfully terminated anemployee based on his or her gender unequal pay claims and claims for sexual harassment of employees. Education Including claims for exclusion from educational programs or opportunities based on gender and claims for sexual harassment of students.Housing Including claims for refusal to negotiate with a person adjudicateing housing, claims for imposition of polar lease/contract terms, and claims for refusal to extend a loan based on the gender of the applicant/renter/buyer. Borrowing / Credit Including claims for refusal to extend credit, claims for imposition of unequal loan terms, and claims arising from improper inquiries during the credit/loan applause proces s, based on the gender of the applicant.3 SOURCES OF PREJUDICESocial SourceEmotional Sourcecognitive SourceSocial Sources of PrejudiceThe self-fulfilling prophecy where a belief is accepted as truth, & in stating it, becomes true.Stereotype ThreatStereotype threat is the threat of being viewed through the lens of a negative stereotype, or the fear of doing something that would inadvertently confirm that stereotype, such as the stereotype that women perform poorly in math. almost students try to escape stereotype threat by misidentifying with the part of life in which the stereotype originates, such as race or ethnic identities.Emotional Sources of PrejudiceFrustration & aggressionThe Scapegoat scheme When problems occur, people do not like to blame themselves. They will thus actively seek scapegoats onto whom they can displace their aggression. Scapegoats may be out-group individuals or even entire groups. Powerless people who cannot easily resist will often become victims of scap egoating. Scapegoating increases when people are frustrated &seeking an outlet for their anger.The Realistic convocation Conflict TheoryWhen there are limited resources, then this leads to conflict, prejudice & discrimination between groups who seek that common resource.Cross-race/ Other-race EffectRefers to the tendency to more easily recognize members of ones own race. A study was made which examined 271 real court cases. The results from this study showed that witnesses correctly identified 65 % of the defendants which were of the same race as them. On the other hand, 45% of the defendants were identified which belonged to a different race than the witnesses.Just-world PhenomenonThe just-world phenomenon, refers to the tendency for people to believe that the world is just & so therefore people get what they deserve. It wrongly colors our impression of victims of any sort.Controversies and Prominent TopicsSexismNationalismClassismSexual DiscriminationRacismReligious Discriminati onLinguistic DiscriminationReducing PrejudiceThe contact hypothesisThe contact hypothesis predicts that prejudice can only be reduced when in-group and out-group members are brought together. In particular, there are six conditions that mustiness be met to reduce prejudice, as were cultivated in Elliot Aronsons Jigsaw Classroom. First, the in- and out- groups must have a degree of mutual interdependence. Second, both groups need to share a common goal. Third, the two groups must have equal status. Fourth, theremust be frequent opportunities for informal and interpersonal contact between groups. Fifth, there should be multiple contacts between the in- and the out- groups. Finally, social norms of equality must exist and be present to foster prejudice reduction.

Legal Aspects of Business Essay

Facts of the Case1. The appellant herein Deokabai is an aged widow residing in a portion of a dwelling house with her daughter and grand children. On 18.1.79 she entered into an agreement to sell that portion of the house in her possession with Uttam, the responsive. The total exchange consideration was placed at Rs. 48,000/- out of which Rs. 5,000/- was paid to her as earnest money. The agreement for sale was reduced to writing. 2. Before enrolment of the sale deed of the house in Uttams hit, permission of the competent authority, Nagpur, was requisite. Therefore, Deokabai shall immediately take locomote to obtain the permission.After the date of getting the permission from the competent authority, when Deokabai would get another suitable house then she would get the sale deed of this house registered in Uttams name. 3. The entire cost of registration of the sale deed of the house shall be borne by Uttam. In case there is whatsoever complicatedness or difficulty in getting the sale deed of the house registered in Uttams name or in case it becomes legally impossible for Deokabai to get the sale deed of the house registered in Uttams name, then Deokabai shall pay back to Uttam the amount of Rs. 5,000/- with interest thereon. Deokabai shall not throw away forth any excuse for the same.Legal IssuesSo far as the present agreement for sale was concerned, she took the step of applying for necessary permission to the Competent Authority, Nagpur on March 3, 1979. The requisite permission for selling the house was granted to her in the month of May, 1979. On 9.7.79, a notice was sent by the respondent to the appellant requiring her to get the sale deed executed and registered in his favour on 9.7.1979 and to remain present in the office of recorder at 11 a.m. Since the appellant failed to turn up at the appointed clock and place and the respondent allegedly had taken all steps necessary towards completion of the sale deed, like purchase of pestle papers an d buying of drafts of money, he filed a suit for specific performance on July 26, 1979. The respondent first of all prayed for a decree for specific performance and possession of the property in dispute, but in the selection claimed return of the earnest money of Rs. 5,000/with interest in case specific performance was not allowed. law ApplicableSection 32 provides that contingent contracts to do or not to do anything if an uncertain time to come event happens cannot be enforced by law unless and until the event has happened. If the event becomes impossible, such contracts become void. sympathetic CasesThe following cases have cited the above case (Deokabai (Smt) vs Uttam on 27 July, 1993) to give a Judgment. 1. Bhagwan Singh vs Teja Singh Alias Teja dash on 6 January, 1994 2. Kum. Maria Eliza Marques vs Shri Madhukar M. Moraskar & Others on 19 November, 1997 3. Kec International Limited & vs Union Of India & Others on 8 July, 2009 4. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. & Ors vs Kec Inter national Ltd. & Ors on 15 September, 2009 5. W.P. No. 7513 (W) Of 2011 Smt. vs The State Of West Bengal & Ors on 18 May, 2011ConclusionThe respondent, in the situation, could not straightway ask the appellant to specifically perform the contract unless he initially had put the appellant to notice, to seek and get another suitable readjustment within a reasonable time within which it could reasonably be available in the town of Nagpur. Such a notice seemingly could be given only after the grant of permission to sell by the Competent Authority, Nagpur, because in the event of non-grant of permission the search for another suitable accommodation would have become unnecessary.Thus we argon of the view that in the facts and circumstances, the two important contingencies are the appellant getting a suitable accommodation before she could be asked to specifically perform the contract of sale and, in case of a true difficulty arising, to opt for returning the earnest money with interest . She cannot, in the present set of facts, be induce to part with her property by effecting a sale. Resultantly, the appeal to grant refund of Rs. 5,000/- with interest at the valuate of 8% calculated from 18.1.79 till payment or recovery is allowed.

Usage of ornaments and traditional aspects vs. Simplicity and no Essay

Usage of ornaments and traditional aspects vs. Simplicity and no ornaments - Essay exercisingGrowing urban areas, especially in the rapidly developing cities, have become arenas of many remote forces associated with the growing of commercialism and consumption attitudes, architectural fashions and professional egoism, and many misconceptions regarding progress and modernization. Essentially, there is a crocked discourse between building of simple and minimalist structures and doing away with the traditional aspects of computer architecture that lay furiousness on nonfunctional prowess. The big question is whether architecture, in its modern or traditional form, stands in capital of New Hampshire with the culture and environment (Trilling, 2001). Cities have thence become a symbol for the neglect of organic, cultural traditions and the desolation of the identity of places. Respect of traditions and factors specific to certain places is, however, of highest importance for a s ymbiotic development of the human environment relationship. As individual characteristics are different so it should be with cities, with urban planning. In the modern world, architecture has changed the values that it portrays. It reflects different set of values from the traditional local ones buildings and space are symbols for economic and governmental power, importance and status, achievement and wealth, ours and theirs, poor and rich. The prerequisites are visibility and surprise the creation of a distinct go steady in the observers mind for capturing his attention.... It is evident that ornamental architecture added to the visual appeal of architectural intents and also helped make people to easily relate to the buildings around them. However, the advent of modern architecture in the 1920s spelt death for the once popular ornamental architecture. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, it has been normal to take that good design has to be plain and simple. Ornamenta tion was renounced because proponents of modern architecture believed that the decorative aspects of design were inessential and not cost effective (Loos, 1998) . The origins of modern architecture can be attributed to the social and political revolutions of that time. Advances in technology and engineering gave rise to new materials such as iron and steel which encourage minimalist design. The advent in modern architecture has given prominence to the concept of internationalization. In this regard, the design of buildings has become uniform regardless of the cultural background. This is evident considering that it has become a norm to have just about generic high rise block buildings in almost every city in the world. This paper seeks to analyze make a comparison between two architects. This is in respect to the traditional ornamental architecture and the modern non ornamental simple architectural design. It should be noted that architecture is an evolving discipline and thus mo dernity was bound to happen. However, the major issue is to evaluate the impacts of modern architecture and the how recent advances in architecture have shaped the society. The implications of discarding traditional ornamental architecture will also be evaluated. This is essential to task the overall impact of